KNOWLATIVE

Vocabulary

Excursion

Excursion is the side to side movement of the mandible. Lateral excursion moves the mandible away from the midline, toward either the right or left side.Medial excursion returns the mandible to its...

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Opposition and Reposition

Opposition is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger. This movement is produced at the first carpometacarpal joint, which is a saddle joint formed...

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Depression and Elevation

Depression and elevation are downward and upward movements of the scapula or mandible. The upward movement of the scapula and shoulder is elevation, while a downward movement is depression. These...

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Protraction and Retraction

Protraction and retraction are anterior-posterior movements of the scapula or mandible. Protraction of the scapula occurs when the shoulder is moved forward, as when pushing against something or...

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Circumduction

Circumduction is the movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle. It involves...

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Inversion and Eversion

Inversion and eversion are complex movements that involve the multiple plane joints among the tarsal bones of the posterior foot (intertarsal joints) and thus are not motions that take place at the...

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Rotation

Rotation can occur: Within the vertebral column: rotation of the neck or body is the twisting movement produced by the summation of the small rotational movements available between adjacent...

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Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are movements at the ankle joint, which is a hinge joint. Lifting the front of the foot, so that the top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg is dorsiflexion,...

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Supination and Pronation

Supination and pronation are movements of the forearm. In the anatomical position, the upper limb is held next to the body with the palm facing forward. This is the supinated position of the...

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Flexion and Extension

Flexion and extension are movements that take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs. For the vertebral column, flexion (anterior flexion)...

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Abduction and Adduction

Abduction and adduction motions occur within the coronal plane and involve medial-lateral motions of the limbs, fingers, toes, or thumb.  Abduction moves the limb laterally away from the midline of...

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Ball-and-Socket Joint

Multiaxial joint; allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, and medial/ lateral rotation movements. Only 2 joints of the body: Shoulder and hip joints.   The joint with the...

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Plane Joint – Arthrodial Joint

Multiaxial joint; allows inversion and eversion of foot, or flexion, extension, and lateral flexion of the vertebral column. Examples: Intertarsal joints of foot; superior-inferior articular process...

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